CBSE Class 8

From Trade to Territory Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

From Trade to Territory Class 8 Questions and Answers History Chapter 2

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST History Chapter 2 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 History Chapter 2 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

History Class 8 Chapter 2 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall
Question 1.
Match the following

Column I	Column II
1. Diwani	(a) Tipu Sultan
2. Tiger of Mysore	(b) Right to collect land revenue
3. Faujdari Adalat	(c) Sepoy
4. Rani Channamma	(d) Criminal Court
5. Sipahi	(e) Led an anti-British movement in Kitoor.

1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (e) 5. (c)

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks.
(a) The British conquest of Bengal began with the Battle of ………….
(b) Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan were the rulers of ………….
(c) Dalhousie implemented the Doctorine of ………….
(d) Maratha kingdoms were located mainly in the part of India…………..
Answer:
(a) Plassey
(b) Mysore
(c) Lapse
(d) western

Question 3.
State whether True and False.
(a) The Mughal empire became stronger in the 18th century.
(b) The East India Company was the only European the Company that traded with India.
(c) Maharaja Ranjit Singh was the ruler of Punjab.
(d) The British did not introduce administrative changes in the territories they conquered.
Answer:
(a) False
(b) False
(c) True
(d) False

Let’s Discuss

Question 4.
What attracted European trading companies to India?
Answer:
European trading companies were attracted to India:

• Because of the availability of fine qualities of cotton and silk produced in India.
• Pepper, cloves, cardamom and cinnamon were in great demand in Europe. Therefore, the Indian spices also attracted the European companies the most.

Question 5.
What were the areas of conflict between the Bengal Nawabs and the East India Company?
Answer:
The areas of conflict between the Bengal Nawabs and the East India The Company were as mentioned:
(i) After the demise of Aurangzeb, Bengal Nawabs asserted their power and autonomy, they denied and refused to grant concessions to the Company.

(ii) Nawabs asked for the large tribute for the Company’s right to trade.

(iii) Nawabs also denied for the Company’s right to mint coins.

(iv) Nawabs even stopped the Company for extending the fortifications.

(v) Nawabs accused the Company of deceit and claimed that the Company was depriving Bengal government of huge amounts of revenue and undermining authority of Nawab by refusing to pay taxes, writing, disrespectful letters and trying to humiliate the Nawabs and officials under Nawab.

• From Company’s side, the Company declared that unjust demands of local official were ruining the trade of the Company.
  This whole process led to confrontation and conflict between the Bengal Nawabs and the East India The Company.

Question 6.
How did the assumption of Diwani benefit the East India The Company?
Answer:
Appointment of the Company as the Diwan by the Mughal emperors in the year 1765, allowed me Company to use the vast revenue and resources of Bengal. The assumption of Diwani benefitted the Company in many ways:

• The Diwani allowed the Company to exploit the vast revenue of Bengal by expanding their trade as before the Company had to buy most of goods in India with gold and silver imported from the Britain.
• Diwani assumption slowed or we can say stopped the overflow of gold from Britain.
• Revenue obtained from India could now finance the expenses of the Company.
• By using the revenue, the purchase of cotton and silk textiles in India was possible.
• The revenue helped the Company by maintaining its troops and meeting the cost of building offices at Calcutta.

Question 7.
Explain the System of ‘subsidiary alliance’?
Answer:
The subsidiary alliance has terms according to which Indian rulers were not allowed to have their independent armed forces. States were protected by the Company and in return they had to pay for the forces appointed tor their protection. In case if the Indian ruler failed to make payment for the subsidiary force’ then part of their territory was taken away as penalty.

Example

• Nawab of Awadh was forced to give over the half of his territory to the Company in 1801 in return of failure to pay for subsidiary forces.
• Hyderabad was also forced to cede territories on the same ground.

Question 8.
In what way was the administration of the Company different from that of Indian rulers?
Answer:
The administration was different from that of Indian ruler in following manner:
(i) The Company used the way of decentralising its power and had set up the units known as presidencies.
There were 3 presidencies. These were major administrative units.

• Bengal
• Madras
• Bombay

(ii) Governor General was appointed to rule over Presidencies.

(iii) There were several administrative reforms in the area of law and justice.

(iv) Governor-General was the supreme of the administration.

(v) European district collectors presided over the civil courts i.e. (Diwani Adalat) in which Maulvis and Hindu pandits interpreted the Indian laws to the collector.

(vi) Among the two courts were criminal court and civil court. The criminal courts also known as diwani adalat were under a qazi and a mufti but still under the supervision of the collectors.

(vii) The principal figure in an Indian district was the collector as his main role was to collect revenue and taxes and maintain law and order. Collectors replaced previous Indian holders of the authority and became the new centre of power.

If we see the above things the Indian rulers had lacked planned administration as it was there in the Company rule. Therefore, the Company administered in a proper way. And there only it differentiated itself from the administration of the Indian rulers which was in actual a perfect example of mismanagement that resulted in loss of their territories.

Question 9.
Describe the changes that occurred in the composition of the Company’s army.
Answer:
Colonial rule in India had brought many new ideas and reforms but their main power rested on their military strength.
The change occurred in the 18th century when the Mughal successor state of Awadh and Benaras started recruiting peasants into their armies and trained them as the professional soldiers. This is what the Company adopted, they also started the recruitment of the peasants in their own army which were known as sepoy army (sipahi).

As there was change in warfare technology during 1820’s, the cavalry recruitments of the Company’s army declined due to fighting of British army in Afghanistan, Burma and Egypt where the soldiers were armed with muskets and matchlocks.

Soldiers of the Company army had to keep pace with the changing requirements of military so its infantry regiment became more important.18th century saw the beginning of uniform Military culture with European style training. This is how the process of changes occurred in the composition of the Company’s army.

Let’s do

Question 10.
After The British conquest of Bengal, Calcutta grew from a small village to a big city. Find out about the culture, architecture and the life of Europeans and Indians of the city during the colonial period.
Answer:
Students can do it with their teachers help.

Question 11.
Collect pictures, stories, poems and informations about any of the following – The Rani of Jhansi, Mahadji Sindhia, Haider Ali, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Lord Dalhousie or any other contemporary ruler of your region.
Answer:
Students can do this with their teacher’s help.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

How, When and Where Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 1 How, When and Where familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

How, When and Where Class 8 Questions and Answers History Chapter 1

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST History Chapter 1 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 History Chapter 1 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

History Class 8 Chapter 1 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall
Question 1.
State whether true or false:
(a) James Mill divided Indian history into three periods – Hindu, Muslim, Christian.
(b) Official documents help us understand what the people of the country think.
(c) The British thought surveys were important for effective administration.
Answer:
(a) False
(b) False
(c) True

Let’s Discuss

Question 2.
What is the problem with the periodisation of Indian history that James Mill offers?
Answer:
The division done by James Mill was based on communal lines with wrong notion about the achievements of Indians during the Ancient and Medieval period According to Mill, all sorts of developments and progress made by the Indians were due to colonial rules as he depicted a prejudiced version of Indian History.

Question 3.
Why did the British preserve official documents?
Answer:
For the Britishers, the act of writing was an important task and every official documents had to be clearly written up and preserved. Once this was done, things could be properly studied and debated. Therefore, the preserved documents could be used as a point of reference whenever required. These were the reasons why the British preserved the official documents.

Question 4.
How will the information historians get from old newspapers be different from that found in police reports?
Answer:
Information is essential for writing history of a time which can be gathered from various sources. Apart from official documents in the archives, historians gather information from old newspapers, diaries of people, accounts of pilgrims, autobiographies of important personalities and booklets etc.

Information found in newspapers is varied, based on incidents that have occurred across the country whereas, the police reports are limited and localized. Because of this fact sometimes, the information historians get from police reports is not as useful as it is from old newspapers. Newspapers reports help us mostly to understand what actually the other people in the country felt, and what was there behind the actions of the Britishers.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 1 How, When and Where PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Human Resource Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Human Resource familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Human Resource Class 8 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 6

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST Geography Chapter 6 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 Geography Chapter 6 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Geography Class 8 Chapter 6 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercise

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(i) Why are people considered a resource?
(ii) What are the causes for the uneven distribution of population in the world?
(iii) The world population has grown very rapidly. Why?
(iv) Discuss the role of any two factors influencing population change.
(v) What is meant by population composition?
(vi) What are population pyramids? How do they help in understanding about the population of a country?
Answer:
(i) People are a nation’s greatest resource as the nature’s bounty becomes significant only when people find it useful. It is people with their demands and abilities that turn them in ‘resources’. Human resource is the ultimate resource.

(ii) There are several geographical factors like topography, climate, soil, water and minerals and there are many social, cultural and economical factors that also cause for the uneven distribution of population in the world as these factors vary from place to place and suitable for the person till the person adopts it easily.

(iii) The world population has grown rapidly due to the growth of the better food supply and medicine. The deaths were reducing, while the number of birth still remained the same. Therefore, the increase in the population of the world is mainly due to rapid increase in natural growth rate.

(iv) The role of factors influencing population change:

• Social factor: Areas of better housing, education and health facilities attract more and more population.
• Geographical Factor: Its includes topography, climate, soil, water, minerals that attract people according to their choice of living. The more favourable the environment is the more it will attract the people.

(v) Population composition refers to the structure of the population. The composition of population helps us to know how many are males or females, which age group they belong to, how educated they are and what type of occupations they are employed in, what their income levels and health conditions are.

(vi) Population pyramid also known as age-sex pyramid shows with its shape the story of people living in that particular country. In pyramid the number of children below 15 yrs are shown at the bottom and reflect the level of births. The size of the top shows the numbers of aged people (above 65 yrs) and reflects the number of deaths. The population pyramid also tells us how many dependants are economically active or inactive. All this and many other things are shown in the pictorial representation of population pyramid.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answer.
(i) Which does the term population distribution refer to?
(a) How population in a specified area changes over time.
(b) The number of people who die in relation to the number of people born in a specified area.
(c) The way in which people are spread across a given area.
Answer:
(c) The way in which people are spread across a given area.

(ii) Which are three main factors that cause population change?
(а) Births, deaths and marriage
(b) Births, deaths and migration
(c) Births, deaths and life expectancy
Answer:
(b) Births, deaths and migration

(iii) In 1999, the world population reached
(a) 1 billion
(b) 3 billion
(c) 6 billion
Answer:
(c) 6 billion

(iv) What is a population pyramid?
(a) A graphical presentation of the age, sex composition of a population.
(b) When the population density of an area is so high that people live in tall buildings.
(c) Pattern of population distribution in large urban areas.
Answer:
(a) A graphical presentation of the age, sex composition of a population.

Question 3.
Complete the sentences below using some of the following words, sparsely, favourable, fallow, artificial, fertile, natural, extreme, densely
When people are attracted to an area it becomes …………. populated. Factors that influence this include……………… climate; good supplies of …………….. resources and ……………. land.
Answer:
When people are attracted to an area it becomes densely populated.
Factors that influence this include favourable climate; good supplies of natural resources and fertile land.

Activity
Discuss the characteristics of a society with ‘too many under 15s’ and one with ‘too few under 15s’.
Hint: need for schools; pension schemes, teachers, toys, wheel chairs, labour supply, hospitals.
Answer:
To be done by yourself based on students thinking capacity.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Human Resource PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Industries Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Industries familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Industries Class 8 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 5

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST Geography Chapter 5 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Geography Class 8 Chapter 5 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercise
Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(i) What is meant by the term ‘industry’?
(ii) Which are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?
(iii) Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modem industry and why?
(iv) Why cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?
(v) What are the similarities between information technology industry in Bengaluru and California?
Answer:
(i) The term industry refers to an economic activity that is concerned with production of goods,extraction of minerals or provision of services.

(ii) The factors that influence the location of industries are the availability of raw material, land, water, labour, power, capital, transport and market.

(iii) Steel industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry because almost all things we use is either made of iron or steel or has been made with tools and machinery of these metals. Ships, trains, trucks and autos are made largely of steel. Even the safety pins and the needles we use daily are made from steel.

(iv) The 1st successful mechanised textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854. The warm, moist climate, a port for importing machinery, availability of raw material and skilled labour resulted in rapid expansion of the cotton textile industry in Mumbai.

(v) The similarities between information technology industry in Bengaluru and California are:

(a) Bengaluru has the largest number of educational institutions and IT colleges. California is close to some most advanced scientific and technological centres in the world.

(b) Bengaluru was considered dust free with low rents and low cost of living. California has pleasant climate with an attractive and clean environment. Plenty of space for development and future expansion.

(c) In Bengaluru the state government of Karnataka was the first to announce an IT Policy in 1992. California is located close to major roads and airports.

(d) The Bengaluru city has the largest and widest availability of skilled managers with work experience. California is having good access to markets and skilled work force.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answer.
(i) Silicon Valley is located in
(a) Bengaluru
(b) California
(c) Ahmedabad
Answer:
(b) California

(ii) Which one of the following industries is known as sunrise industry?
(a) Iron and steel industry
(b) Cotton textile
(c) Information technology
Answer:
(c) Information technology

(iii) Which one of the following is a natural fibre?
(a) Nylon
(b) Jute
(c) Acryclic
Answer:
(b) Jute

Question 3.
Distinguish between the followings.
(i) Agro-based and mineral based industry
(ii) Public sector and joint sector industry
Answer:
(i) Agro-based and mineral based industry

Agro based industry	Mineral based industry
These industries use plant and animal based products as their raw materials. For example, food processing, vegetable oil, cotton textile, dairy products, and leather industries, etc.	These are primary industries that use mineral ores as their raw materials. For example, iron and steel industry, etc.

(ii) Public sector and joint sector industry

Public sector industry	Joint sector industry
These type of industries are owned and operated by the government. For example, HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd.) and SAIL (Steel Authority of India Ltd.), etc.	Owned and operated by the state and individuals or a group of individuals. For example, Maruti Udyog Ltd.

Question 4.
Give two examples of the following in the pi ovided:
(i) Raw Materials: …………. and …………….
(ii) End product: …………. and …………….
(iii) Tertiary Activities: …………. and …………….
(iv) Agro-based Industries: …………. and …………….
(v) Cottage Industries: …………. and …………….
(vi) Co-operatives: …………. and …………….
Answer:
(i) Ores, plants
(ii) Soap and shampoo used by all of us.
(iii) Transport and Finance
(iv) Food processing and leather industry
(v) Pottery, candle making
(vi) Amul, Sudha.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Industries PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Agriculture Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Agriculture Class 8 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 4

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST Geography Chapter 4 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 Geography Chapter 4 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Geography Class 8 Chapter 4 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(i) What is agriculture?
(ii) Name the factors influencing agriculture?
(iii) What is shifting cultivation? What are its disadvantages?
(iv) What is plantation agriculture?
(v) Name the fibre crops and name the climatic conditions required for their growth.
Answer:
(i) Agriculture is a primary activity which includes growing crops, fruits, vegetables, flowers and rearing of livestock.

(ii) The factors that influence agriculture are topography of soil and climate.

(iii) Shifting cultivation is practised in thickly forested areas of Amazon basin, tropical Africa, parts of southeast Asia and Northeast India. In this type of practice a plot of land is cleared by felling the trees and burning them. The ashes are then mixed with the soil and crops. After the soil losses its fertility, the land is abandoned and the cultivator moves to a new plot.

It is also known as ‘slash and burn’ agriculture. Its disadvantages are:

• Less availability of land for such type of cultivation because of increase in population day by day for the settlement of people.
• It causes deforestation also that is destructive for forest and with the burning, the fire spread could also damage whole plantation.

(iv) Plantation agriculture is a type of commercial farming in which single crop is grown and large amount of labour and capital are required. The produce may be processed on the farm itself or in nearby factories.

(v) The two major fibre crops are cotton and jute.

• Cotton: It requires high temperature, light rainfall, 210 frost-free days and bright sunshine for its growth.
• Jute: It requires high temperature, heavy rainfall and humid climate.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answer.
(i) Horticulture means
(a) growing of fruits and vegetables
(b) primitive farming
(c) growing of wheat
Answer:
(a) growing of fruits and vegetables

(ii) Golden Fibre refers to
(a) tea
(b) cotton
(c) jute
Answer:
(c) jute

(iii) Leading producers of coffee
(a) Brazil
(b) India
(c) Russia
Answer:
(a) Brazil

Question 3.
Give reasons.
(i) In India agriculture is a primary activity.
(ii) Different crops are grown in different regions.
Answer:
(i) In India agriculture is a primary activity as it includes growing of fruits, vegetables, flowers and rearing of livestock. So fòr Indians the people from villages who don’t get proper education prefer to be farmer and indulge in agriculture as land awarded by their ancestors should be maintained and they cannot do other work better than that.

(ii) Different crops are grown in different regions because the crops need several factors to be grown such as the growing of different crops depends upon the geographical conditions, demand of pro duce and level of technology. All this should be appropriate in the regions where particular type of crop is grown.

Question 4.
Distinguish
(i) Primary activitir and tertiary activities
(ii) Subsistence farming and intensive farming.
Answer:

Primary Activities	Secondary Activities
(i) Activities which include all those connected with extraction and production of natural resources. (ii) For example, Agriculture, fishing, gathering etc.	(i) Secondary activities are concerned with the processing of resources extracted from primary activities. (ii) For example, manufacturing of steel, baking of bread, weaving of clothes.

(ii) Subsistence farming and intensive farming.

Subsistence Farming	Intensive Farming
(i) This type of farming is practised to meet the needs of farmers family. (ii) Traditionally, low levels of technology and household labour are used to produce on small output.	(i) In this the farmer cultivates a small plot of land using tools and more labourer. (ii) Climate with large number of days with sunshine and fertile soils permit growing of more than one crop annually on the same land.

Question 5.
Activity
(i) Collect seeds of wheat, rice, jowar, bajra, ragi, maize, oilseeds and pulses available in the market.
Bring them to the class and find out in which type of soil they grow.
(ii) Find out the difference between the life style of farmers in the USA and India on the basis of pictures collected from magazines, books, newspapers and the internet.
Answer:
(i) To be done by yourself.
(ii) To be done by yourself.

Question 6.
For Fun
Solve the crossword puzzle with the help of given clues.
Answer:

Answer:

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Mineral and Power Resources Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Mineral and Power Resources familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Mineral and Power Resources Class 8 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 3

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST Geography Chapter 3 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 Geography Chapter 3 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Geography Class 8 Chapter 3 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let Recall
Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(i) Name any three common minerals used by you every day.
(ii) What is ore? Where are the ores of metallic minerals generally located?
(iii) Name two regions rich in natural gas resources.
(iv) Which sources of energy would you suggest for
(а) rural areas
(b) coastal areas
(c) Arid regions
(v) Give five ways in which you can save energy at home.
Answer:
(i) The three common minerals used by us every day are petroleum, iron and salt.

(ii) Rocks from which minerals are mined are known as ores. Ores of metallic minerals are generally found in igneous and metamorphic rock formation that forms large plateaus.

(iii) In India Jaisalmer, Krishna Godavari delta, Tripura and some areas off-shore in Mumbai have natural gas resources.

(iv)

• Rural areas: Rural areas with proper availability of almost all natural resources like solar, wind and tidal they should use the non-conventional source of energy according to the availability in adundance or in sufficiency.
• Coastal areas: They should use petroleum, tidal power and wind power.
• Arid region: For this region solar energy and geothermal power will be the suitable one according to the availability in area or region.

(v) Five ways to save energy at home:

• Use of solar energy should be increased.
• Use of biogas in place of cooking gas.
• Switch off the electric items when not in use.
• Start afforestation.
• Use of solar and electrically charged vehicles in place of petroleum using vehicles.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answer.
Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of minerals?
(a) They are created by natural processes.
(b) They have a definite chemical composition,
(c) They are inexhaustible.
(d) Their distribution is uneven.
Answer:
(c) They are inexhaustible.

(ii) Which one of the following is NOT a producer of mica?
(a) Jharkhand
(b) Karnataka
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Andhra Pradesh
Answer:
(b) Karnataka

(iii) Which one of the following is a leading producer of copper in the world?
(a) Bolivia
(b) Ghana
(c) Chile
(d) Zimbabwe
Answer:
(c) Chile

(iv) Which one of the following practices will NOT conserve LPG in your kitchen.
(a) Soaking the dal for some time before cooking it.
(b) Cooking food in a pressure cooker.
(c) Keeping the vegetables chopped before lighting the gas for cooking.
(d) Cooking food in an open pan kept on low flame.
Answer:
(d) Cooking food in an open pan kept on low flame.

Question 3.
Give reasons.
(i) Environmental aspects must be carefully looked into before building huge dams.
(it) Most industries are concentrated around coal mines.
(iii) Petroleum is referred to as “black gold”.
(iv) Quarrying can become a major environmental concern.
Answer:
(i) Before building huge dams it should be kept in mind that the water storage will affect any of the forest or livelihood or not or will the establishment of dam result in over cutting of trees.

(ii) Industries are concentrated around coal mines because this concentration ensures the availability of many types of fuel in form of which the coal can be used as coal is the most abundantly found fossil fuel.

(iii) Petroleum is found between the layer of rocks and is drilled from oil fields located in off-shore and coastal areas. This is then sent to refineries which process the crude oil and produce a variety of products like diesel, petrol, kerosene, wax, plastics and lubricants. Petroleum and its derivatives are called as black gold as they are very valuable.

(iv) Quarrying means that minerals that lie near the surface are simply dugout and in the digging process it makes hollowness in the earth surface that not only affects the nearby area but also makes the area touched by it as unstable.

Question 4.
Distinguish between the following.
(i) Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy
(ii) Biogas and natural gas
(iii) Ferrous and nonferrous minerals
(iv) Metallic and nonmetallic minerals
Answer:
(i) Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy

Conventional Source of energy	Non-conventional Source of energy
The energy source which has been in common use for a long time. For example; Firewood and fossil fuels are two main conventional energy sources.	The increasing use of fossil fuels is leading to its shortage so in order to preserve the fossils from getting exhausted there is need for adoption of Non-conventional sources of energy that are solar, wind, tidal which are renewable sources.

(ii) Biogas and natural gas

Biogas	Natural gas
(i) Organic waste such as dead plant and animal material, animal dung and kitchen waste can be converted into a gaseous fuel called biogas. (ii) Biogas is an excellent fuel for cooking and producing huge amount of organic manure every year. (iii) It is renewable.	(i)  Found with petroleum deposits and is released when crude oil is brought to the surface. (ii) It can be used as a domestic and industrial fuel. (iii) Russia, Norway, UK and the Netherlands are the major producers of Natural gas. (iv) Its improper use can lead to its depletion.

(iii) Ferrous and Nonferrous minerals

Ferrous	Nonferrous minerals
(i) These contain iron. (ii) For example, iron ore, manganese, chromite.	(i) Does not contain iron but may contain some other metal. (ii) For example, gold, silver, copper, lead.

(iv) Metallic and Nonmetallic minerals

Metallic	Nonmetallic minerals
(i) Minerals that contain metal in raw form. (ii) It may be ferrous or non-ferrous. (iii) For example, Iron ore, bauxite, copper, gold, silver, etc.	(i) Minerals that do not contain metals. (ii) For example, limestone, mica, gypsum, etc.

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Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Class 8 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 2

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Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources NCERT Intext Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Land use in selected countries.

Study the above table and answer the following:
(i) Name the countries having the highest percentage of land under cropland, forest, pasture and other uses.
(ii) How would you relate the land-use patterns of these countries with the probable economic activities?
Answer:
(i) The countries with the highest use of land under cropland, forest, pasture and other uses are:

• Cropland – India (i.e. 57%)
• Forest – Japan (i.e. 67%)
• Pasture – Australia (i.e. 56%)
• Other uses – Canada (i.e. 52%)

(ii) With the growth in the number of people or population the demands of the people are increasing and the availability of land is getting minimised. These areas are being targeted for the purpose of human settlement. This is how the land use pattern of these countries develops economic activities by settling down and developing the area according to the demands of people there.

Geography Class 8 Chapter 2 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(i) Which are the two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation?
(ii) Write any two reasons for land degradation today.
(iii) Why is land considered an important resource?
(iv) Name any two steps that government has taken to conserve plants and animals.
(v) Suggest three ways to conserve water.
Answer:
(i) The two main climatic factors responsible for the soil formation are:

• The nature of the parent rock and climatic factors.
• Another factor is topography, role of organic material and time taken for the composition of soil formation.

(ii) The two reasons for land degradation today are as follows:

• Deforestation
• Expansion of constructive activities.

(iii) Land is considered as an important resource because it covers only about 30% of the total area of the earth’s surface and all parts of this small percentage are not habitable. After all the land is used for different purposes such as agriculture, forestry, mining, building houses, roads and setting up of industries, etc.

(iv) The two steps that government has taken in order to conserve plants and animals are:

• National parks, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves are made to protect natural vegetation and plant.
• The government has passed several laws against any trade as well as killing of birds and animals.

(v) The three ways of conserving water are:

• Water from the industries should be treated well before releasing them in water bodies.
•  In dry regions with high rates of evaporation, the method of drip or trickle irrigation is very much useful in order to save unnecessary wastage of water.
• By adopting several other means of irrigation like water harvesting, water can be conserved.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answer.
(i) Which one of the following is NOT a factor of soil formation?
(a) Time
(b) Soil texture
(c) Organic matter
Answer:
(b) Soil texture

(ii) Which one of the following methods is most appropriate to check soil erosion on steep slopes?
(a) shelter belts
(b) mulching
(c) terrace cultivation
Answer:
(c) terrace cultivation

(iii) Which one of the following is NOT in favour of the conservation of nature?
(a) Switch off the bulb when not in use
(b) Close the tap immediately after using
(c) Dispose polypacks after shopping
Answer:
(c) Dispose polypacks after shopping

Question 3.
Match the followings.

Column I	Column II
1. Land use	(a) prevent soil erosion
2. Humus	(b) narrow zone of contact between the lithosphere,hydrosphere and atmosphere.
3. Rock dams	(c) productive use of land
4. Arable land	(d) organic matter deposited on top soil
	(e) contour ploughing

Answer:
(i) (c) (ii) (d) (iii) (a) (iv) (e)

Question 4.
State whether the given statement is true or false. If true, write the reasons.
d) Ganga-Brahmaputra plain of India is an overpopulated region.
(ii) Water availability per person in India is declining.
(iii) Rows of trees planted in the coastal areas to check the wind movement is called intercropping.
(iv) Human interference and changes of climate can maintain the ecosystem.
Answer:
(i) True: because it is a fertile area.
(ii) True: It is declining as a consequence of over-exploitation and contamination of water resources.
(iii) False
(iv) False

Question 5.
Activity
Discuss some more reasons which are responsible for changes of land use pattern. Has your place undergone any change in the land use pattern in recent years? Find out from your parents and elderly people. You can conduct an interview by asking the following questions.

Based on the table you have just completed, draw a picture of land use patterns that you foresee in your neighbourhood after 20 years. Why do you think that land use patterns change over the years?
Answer:
To be done by yourself.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Resources Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Resources familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Resources Class 8 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 1

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST Geography Chapter 1 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 Geography Chapter 1 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Geography Class 8 Chapter 1 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(i) Why are resources distributed unequally over the earth?
(ii) What is resource conservation?
(iii) Why are human resources important?
(iv) What is sustainable development?
Answer:
(i) The distribution of resources depends upon number of physical factors and because these factors differ so much over the earth the distribution of the resources get unequal.

(ii) Resource conservation is a process of using the resources carefully and giving them time to get renewed.

(iii) People are human resources and people are the one on this earth who can make the best use of nature to create more resources when they have knowledge, skill and the technology to do so. That is why, the human resources are important.

(iv) Sustainable development is a concept of balancing the need to use resources and also conserve them for the future. In other sense, it is careful utilisation of the resources in taking care of its future needs.

Question 2
Tick the correct answer
(i) Which one of the following does not make substance a resource?
(a) Utility
(b) Value
(c) Quantity
Answer:
(c) Quantity

(ii) Which one of the following is a human made resource?
(a) Medicines to treat cancer
(b) Spring water
(c) Tropical forests
Answer:
(a) Medicines to treat cancer

(iii) Complete the statement.
Biotic resources are
(a) derived from living things.
(b) made by human beings.
(c) derived from non-living things.
Answer:
(a) derived from living things.

Question 3.
Differentiate between the following.
(a) Potential and Actual resources
(b) Ubiquitous and Localised resources
Answer:
(a) Difference between Potential and Actual resources:

Potential Resources	Actual Resources
These are the resources whose entire quantity may not be known.	These are those resources whose quantity is known to us.
These are not being used at present and could be used in future.	These are being used in the present.
The level of technology we have at present may not be advanced enough for the purpose of utilisation of these resources.	The rich deposits of coal in Ruhr region of Germany and petroleum in the West Asia,the dark soils of the Deccan plateau in Maharashtra are all actual resources.
The uranium found in Ladakh is an example.
High speed winds were potential resources two hundred year ago.

(b) Difference between ubiquitous and localised resources:

Ubiquitous Resources	Localised Resources
Resources that are found everywhere or we can say all around the earth. For example, the air we breathe	The resources which are found only at certain places are localised. For example, copper and iron ore.

Question 4.
Activity
“Rahiman paani raakhiye,
Bin paani sab soon.
Paani gaye na ubere Moti, manus, choon…”
[Says Rahim, keep water, as without water there is nothing. Without water pearl, swan and dough cannot exist.]
These lines were written by the poet Abdur Rahim Khankhana, one of the nine gems of Akbar’s court. What kind of resource is the poet referring to? Write in 100 words what would happen if this resource disappeared?
Answer:
The poet of refering to the water resource. According to the poet, the water is the most essential and life surviving resource present on this earth. Without water the survival of anything on this earth is not possible at all and if there will be no survival, everything and every point on this earth will become empty and zero presence of anything would be seen or witnessed on this earth. So if this resource would disappear from this world, there would be no existence of pearl, swan and dough used symbolically in the poet’s poem for explaining the importance of water.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Resources PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

If you are in search of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science you have come the right way. The Solutions provided on this page can be of extreme help during your practice and preparation. SST Class 8 NCERT Solutions Solutions PDF helps you improve your skills on the topics. You can have a thorough understanding of different concepts and download the handy NCERT Textbook Solutions for Class 8 Social Science SST(History, Geography, Civics and Economics ) and refer to them whenever necessary.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science

Take the help of the best resources available for Class 8th Social Science Solutions and understand difficult concepts too in a simple way. Enhance your subject knowledge and tackle different questions in the board exams easily by practicing NCERT Solutions for Class 8 SST on a regular basis. Choose the respective chapter you want to prepare from the Respective Chapter Wise links available below.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography: Resources and Development

• Chapter 1 Resources
• Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources
• Chapter 3 Mineral and Power Resources
• Chapter 4 Agriculture
• Chapter 5 Industries
• Chapter 6 Human Resource

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History: Our Pasts – III

• Chapter 1 How, When and Where
• Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory
• Chapter 3 Ruling the Countryside
• Chapter 4 Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age
• Chapter 5 When People Rebel
• Chapter 6 Colonialism and the City
• Chapter 7 Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners
• Chapter 8 Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation
• Chapter 9 Women, Caste and Reform
• Chapter 10 The Changing World of Visual Arts
• Chapter 11 The Making of the National Movement 1870s-1947
• Chapter 12 India After Independence

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics: Social and Political Life – III

• Chapter 1 The Indian Constitution
• Chapter 2 Understanding Secularism
• Chapter 3 Why Do We Need a Parliament
• Chapter 4 Understanding Laws
• Chapter 5 Judiciary
• Chapter 6 Understanding Our Criminal Justice System
• Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation
• Chapter 8 Confronting Marginalisation
• Chapter 9 Public Facilities
• Chapter 10 Law and Social Justice

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