Development And Growth During Delhi Sultanate
Ilbaris
They at first converted temples and other existing buildings into mosques. Examples of this are the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque near the Qutb Minar in Delhi (which had originally been a Jaina temple, then converted into a Vishnu temple by some Hindus, and finally into the mosque by the Turks) and the building at Ajmer called Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra (which had been a monastery).
The most magnificent building constructed by the Turks (started by Aibak and completed by Iltutmish) in the 13th century was the Qutb Minar at Delhi. The tower, standing at 71.4 metres was dedicated to the Sufi saint, Qutb-ud-din Bakhtiyar Kaki.
Khaljis
Ala-ud-din built his capital at Siri, a few kilometres away from the site around the Qutb, but hardly anything of this city survives now. Ala-ud-din planned a tower twice the height of the Qutb, but did not live to complete it. But he added an entrance door to the Qutb, called the Alai Darwaza.
Tughlugs
Ghiyas-ud-din and Muhammad Tughluq built the huge palace-cum-fortress complex called Tughluqabad. By blocking the passage of the Yamuna a huge artificial lake was created around it. The tomb of Ghiyas-ud-din, built by Muhammad Tughluq, marks a new trend in architecture. To have a good skyline, the building was put up on a high platform. Firuz Shah Tughluq built the famous Hauz Khas (a pleasure resort) and the Kotla at Delhi.
Lodis
The Lodis further developed the tradition of combining many of the new devices brought by the Turks with indigenous forms. A device used by the Lodis was placing their buildings, especially tombs, on a high platform, thus giving the building a feeling of size as well as a better skyline. Some of the tombs are placed in the midst of gardens e.g., Lodi garden in Delhi. Some of the tombs are of an octagonal shape. Many of these features were adopted by the Mughals later on and their culmination is to be found in the Taj Mahal built by Shah Jahan.
Music
The Turks inherited the rich Arab tradition of music. They brought with them a number of new musical instruments, such as the rabab and Sarangi and new musical modes and regulations. Amir Khusrau introduced many new breaths of air or ragas, such as ghora, Sanam, etc. He is credited with having invented the sitar. The Indian classical work Ragadarpan was translated into Persian during the reign of Firuz Tughluq. Musical gatherings were very popular with the Sufis. The Sufi saint Pir Bodhan is supposed to have been one of the great musicians of the age.