Detailed, Step-by-Step NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 8 Manufacturing Industries Questions and Answers were solved by Expert Teachers as per NCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines covering each topic in chapter to ensure complete preparation.
Manufacturing Industries NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 8
Manufacturing Industries Questions and Answers Class 12 Geography Chapter 8
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
Choose the right answers of the following from the given options.
(i) Which is not a factor of industrial location ?
(A) Market
(B) Capital
(C) Population Density
(D) Power.
Answer:
(C) Population Density.
(ii) The earliest Iron and Steel Company to be established in India was :
(A) nsco
(B) TISCO
(C) Visvesvaraiya Iron and Steel Works
(D) Mysore Iron and Steel Works.
Answer:
(A) IISCO.
(iii) The first modern cotton mill was established in Mumbai because :
(A) Mumabi is a port
(B) It is located near cotton growing area
(C) Mumbai was the financial centre
(D) All of the above.
Answer:
(D) All of the above.
(iv) The nucleus of the Hugli Industrial Region is :
(A) Kolkata-Howra
(B) Kolkata-Medinipur
(C) Kolkata-Rishra
(D) Kolkata-Konnagar.
Answer:
(A) Kolkata-Howra.
(v) Which one of the following is the second largest producer of sugar ?
(A) Maharashtra
(B) Punjab
(C) Uttar Pradesh
(D) Tamil Nadu.
Answer:
(A) Maharashtra.
Question 2.
Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Why do you think that the iron and! ‘steel industry is basic to the industrial! development of any country ?
Answer:
Iron and steel industry is the basis of modern industrialisation. It supports the basic raw materials to a large number of Assembly industries. It is the foundation of modem machines, tools and transportation. It is known as basic industry or key industry.
(ii) Name the two sectors of the cottage textile industries. How are they different ?
Answer:
The cottage textile industries has two sectors: The handloom sector and power loom sector. The handloom sector depends upon local labour (artisans); and local raw materials. Its production is limited. The powerloom sector produces cloth on machines. It produces more than 50 percent of cloth.
(iii) Why is the sugar industry a seasonal industry ?
Answer:
Sugar industry is a seasonal industry because sugarcane is crushed within 24 hours of its harvesting. Sugarcane cannot be kept in the field in dry season. So it is harvested. The mills work only during the season after the harvest of cane.
(iv) What is the raw material base for the petrochemical industry ? Name some of the products of this industry.
Answer:
Petroleum is the raw material base for petrochemical industry. This industry is located near oil refineries. Its produce are grouped into four sub-groups:
- Polymers
- Synthetic fibres
- Elastomers
- Surfactant intermediate.
(v) What is the major impact of Information Technology (IT) revolution in India ?
Answer:
The IT revolution has opened up new possibilities of economic and social transformations. Indian Software Industry has emerged as one of the fastest growing sector in the economy. It exports amount to ₹ 78,230 crore.
Question 3.
Answer the following questions in about 150 words.
(i) How did the Swadeshi movement give a major impetus to the cotton textiles industry ?
Answer:
After the first mills were set up in Mumbai and Ahmedabad in the second half of the nineteenth century, the cotton textile industry expanded very rapidly. The number of units increased dramatically. The Swadeshi movement gave a major impetus to the industry as there was a call for boycotting all British made goods in favour of Indian goods. After 1921, with the development of the railway network other cotton textile centres expanded rapidly.
In southern India, mills were set up at Coimbatore, Madurai and Bengaluru. In central India Nagpur, Indore, Solapur and Vadodara became cotton textile centres. Cotton textile mills were set up at Kanpur based on local investment. Mills were also set up at Kolkata due to its port facilities. The development of hydroelectricity also favoured the location of the cotton textile mills away from the cotton producing areas.
The rapid development of this industry in Tamil Nadu is the result of the abundant availability of hydel power for the mills. Lower labour costs at centres like Ujjain, Bharuch, Agra, Hathras, Coimbatore and Tirunelveli also caused industries to be located away from cotton producing area.
(ii) What do you understand by liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation ? How have these helped industrial development in India ?
Answer:
The government has framed new Industrial Policy involving liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation. The new Industrial Policy was announced in 1991. The major objectives of this policy were to build on the gains already made, correct the distortions or weaknesses that have crept in, maintain a sustained growth in productivity and gainful employment and attain international competitiveness. Within this policy, measures initiated are :
- abolition of industrial licensing
- free entry to foreign technology
- foreign investment policy
- access to capital market
- open trade
- abolition of phased manufacturing programme, and
- liberalised industrial location programme.
The policy has three main dimensions: liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation.
Liberalisation has resulted in reducing restrictions on many industries. According to new industrial policy, the licensing system, except on 9 major industries, has been abolished. Due to this, industrialists can start an industry of their own choice. Indian industries can compete in international markets.
Privatisation means to convert the public sector industries into private sector. It has reduced the importance of Public Sector industries. Globalisation means to adjust Indian economy according to world economy. For this, the import duty has been reduced or abolished.