Detailed, Step-by-Step NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 10 Human Settlements Questions and Answers were solved by Expert Teachers as per NCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines covering each topic in chapter to ensure complete preparation.
Human Settlements NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 10
Human Settlements Questions and Answers Class 12 Geography Chapter 10
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below :
(i) Which one of the following forms of settlement develops along either side of roads, rivers or canals ?
(A) Circular
(B) Linear
(C) Cross-shaped
(D) Square.
Answer:
(B) Linear.
(ii) Which one of the following types of economic activities dominates in all rural settlement ?
(A) Primary
(B) Tertiary
(C) Secondary
(D) Quaternary.
Answer:
(A) Primary.
(iii) In which of the following regions has the oldest well-documented urban settlement found ?
(A) Huang He Valley
(B) Indus Valley
(C) Nile Valley
(D) Mesopotamia.
Answer:
(B) Indus Valley.
(iv) How many of the following cities in India have attained the million status at the beginning of 2011?
(A) 40
(B) 42
(C) 54
(D) 43.
Answer:
(C) 54.
(v) Sufficiency of which type of resources can help to create adequate social infrastructure catering to the needs of the large population in the developing countries ?
(A) Financial
(B) Human
(C) Natural
(D) Social.
Answer:
(A) Financial.
Question 2.
Answer the following questions in about 30 words :
(i) How would you define a settlement ? (C.B.S.E. 2011)
Answer:
Settlement refers to an organised colony of human beings together with the buildings in which they live. It includes the temporary and the permanent settlements called villages; and large urban agglomerations. Human settlements may consist of only a few dwelling units (hamlets), or they may be as large as megalopolis.
(ii) Distinguish between site and situation.
Answer:
Site refers to the actual piece of ground on which the settlement is built. Situation or Position refers to the location of the village or town in relation to surrounding areas. The site and situation of the settlements and the type of building may be studied in relation to the physical environment and cultural heritage.
(iii) What are the basis of classifying settlements ?
Answer:
Settlements are commonly classified on the basis of size and functions. Accordingly, settlements are divided into rural and urban or villages and towns. The terms rural and urban are relative. There is no universally acceptable criteria to distinguish rural from urban.
(iv) How would you justify the study of human settlements in human geography ?
Answer:
The study of human settlements is basic to human geography. The form of human settlement in any particular region reflects human relationship with environment.
Question 3.
Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words. (C.B.S.E. 2014)
(i) What are Rural and Urban settlements ? Mention their characteristics.
Or
Classify the population of the world on the basis of their residence into two groups. How are they different form each other? Explain. (C.B.S.E. Outside Delhi 2017)
Answer:
| Urban Settlements | Rural Settlements |
| 1. Urban settlement is a form of dwelling place in which most of the people are engaged in industry, trade and transportation. 2. In an urban settlement, activities of people are limited within the built area. 3. Urban settlements are large in size. 4. In urban settlements, people have got facilities of roads, trade, recreation, water supply, etc. 5. The density of population is high. 6. The urban settlements are planned and compact. There is shortage of housing facilities. 7. Industry, trade, administration are the main occupations of people. 8. There are many social problems in urban areas. Air-water pollution is serious one. |
1. Rural settlement is a residing place of people who directly or indirectly depend on land for agriculture. 2. In a rural settlement activities of the people are spread outside the village. 3. Rural settlements are smaller in size. 4. The rural settlements lack modern facilities 5. The density of population is not very high. 6. The settlements are not planned. These are mostly scattered. 7. Agriculture is the occupation of the people. 8. Rural settlements are free from pollution problems. |
(ii) Discuss the problem associated with urban settlements in developing countries.
Or
‘There is no consensus on what exactly define a village or a town’. Analyse the statement by using different criteria. (Sample Paper 2017-18)
Or
Describe any five environmental problems of urban settlements in the developing countries of the world. (Outside Delhi 2019)
Ans.
Urban growth processes in the world’s developing regions have been different from those in developed regions. In developed countries, urban growth was accompanied by industrialisation. In developing countries demographic growth has preceded economic development.
(a) Lack of Employment. The unprecedented urban growth in these regions has been driven by lack of employment opportunities in rural areas rather than the pull of prospective jobs in towns and cities. London took 190 years to grow from a city of half a million population to 10 million population and New York took 140 years; by contrast, Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Kolkata, Seoul and Mumbai all took less than 75 years to grow from half a million to 10 million.
(b) Urban Slums. Over urbanisation or uncontrolled urbanisation has given rise to slums and squatter settlements, making urban life miserable world over. Over 600 million people live under life-threatening situations in cities and 300 million live in extreme poverty.
(c) Pollution. The emerging urban scenario in developing countries has robbed the rural areas of its able labour force. Ecological degradation and social pollution has sapped their energy.
(d) Shortage of Housing, etc. At the same time, the urban settlements too have suffered from shortage of housing, transport, health and other civic amenities. Both these places are devoid of quality-life. In Africa, only one- third of all households are connected to potable water.
(e) Lack of Sewerage. In Asia Pacific, only 38 percent of urban households are connected to sewerage system. In many cities in the developing countries, an increasing proportion of the population lives in substandard housing or on the streets. In most of the million plus cities in India, one in four inhabitants live in illegal settlements, which is growing twice as fast as the rest of the cities.
Jhuggi-Jhopri. These settlements have arisen near towns. Dharavi near Mumbai is Asia’s largest slum.